Cardiac-Vascular Nursing (CVRN) Practice Exam

What does the presence of distended jugular veins in a supine patient indicate?

1. Decreased venous return

2. Increased central venous pressure

3. Increased pulmonary artery capillary pressure

4. Left-sided heart failure

The correct answer is: Increased central venous pressure

The presence of distended jugular veins in a supine patient is indicative of increased central venous pressure. This phenomenon occurs when there is an accumulation of blood in the venous system, which can be due to various cardiac conditions. When the central venous pressure rises, it reflects increased pressure in the right atrium, preventing effective venous return from the systemic circulation. In a supine position, blood return from the lower extremities, as well as blood volume, can cause distention of the jugular veins due to the unimpeded hydrostatic effects of fluid. This sign is often associated with conditions such as heart failure or fluid overload, where the heart's ability to pump effectively is compromised. Recognizing this clinical sign is critical as it helps inform the healthcare provider about the patient’s hemodynamics and possible underlying cardiovascular issues.