Cardiac-Vascular Nursing (CVRN) Practice Exam

What is a common complication to monitor for in patients after cardiac surgery?

1. Hypertension

2. Stroke

3. Infection

4. Dehydration

The correct answer is: Infection

Monitoring for infection in patients after cardiac surgery is crucial due to the increased risk associated with surgical interventions and the potential for compromised skin integrity, which can provide a pathway for pathogens. Surgical sites, along with the presence of invasive lines and catheters often used during cardiac procedures, create opportunities for microbial invasion. Infections can lead to significant morbidity, prolong hospital stays, and, in severe cases, could become life-threatening. It's important to routinely assess for signs of infection, such as fever, increased redness or discharge at surgical sites, and changes in vital signs. This vigilance allows for early identification and intervention, which can improve patient outcomes significantly. While hypertension, stroke, and dehydration can also be complications following cardiac surgery, they are less directly related to the surgical procedure itself compared to the risk of infection. Hypertension may occur due to fluid overload or stress responses, strokes can happen due to embolism or blood flow changes, and dehydration may result from inadequate fluid intake or losses during surgery. However, these are not as universally prevalent as infection in the postoperative period, emphasizing the need for strong infection control and monitoring practices.