Cardiac-Vascular Nursing (CVRN) Practice Exam

What is a common sign that indicates a patient experiencing decreased cardiac output?

1. Increased oxygen saturation

2. Hypertension

3. Decreased urine output

4. Increased appetite

The correct answer is: Decreased urine output

Decreased urine output is a common sign that indicates a patient is experiencing decreased cardiac output. This is primarily due to the kidneys receiving less blood flow when the heart is not pumping effectively. The kidneys rely on adequate perfusion to filter blood and produce urine; hence, if cardiac output drops, the kidneys may compensate by conserving water, resulting in a lower volume of urine produced. In contrast, increased oxygen saturation would not typically align with decreased cardiac output, as oxygen delivery to tissues may be compromised. Hypertension can occur in some instances of decreased output due to compensatory mechanisms, but often you may see hypotension instead. Increased appetite generally is not a response to decreased cardiac output; the patient's body is more likely to experience fatigue and decreased nutritional intake due to the overall effects on metabolic demand and energy levels. Understanding these relationships helps recognize the clinical signs related to cardiac function.