Cardiac-Vascular Nursing (CVRN) Practice Exam

Which condition is effectively characterized as a potential complication of heparin therapy?

1. Thrombocytopenia

2. Myocardial infarction

3. Cardiogenic shock

4. Peripheral artery disease

The correct answer is: Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is effectively characterized as a potential complication of heparin therapy because it refers to a reduction in the number of platelets in the blood, which can occur as a result of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). This condition can manifest when the immune system reacts to heparin, leading to the formation of antibodies that activate platelets, promoting both thrombosis and a decrease in platelet count. Recognizing thrombocytopenia is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in patients receiving heparin, because it requires immediate attention and management. Monitoring platelet counts is a standard practice during heparin therapy to detect this complication early on. In contrast, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and peripheral artery disease are cardiovascular conditions that can be influenced by multiple factors but are not directly complications of heparin therapy itself. While they may occur in patients who are on anticoagulation therapy, they do not specifically relate to the effects or side effects of heparin. Therefore, thrombocytopenia is the most relevant and specific complication linked to heparin use.