Cardiac-Vascular Nursing (CVRN) Practice Exam

Which patient's history warrants further follow-up regarding cardiovascular health?

1. A patient with a family history of diabetes

2. A patient with stable angina

3. A patient with a history of hypertension and smoking

4. A patient who is physically active

The correct answer is: A patient with a history of hypertension and smoking

A patient with a history of hypertension and smoking warrants further follow-up regarding cardiovascular health due to the combined risk factors associated with these conditions. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease, as it places extra strain on the heart and blood vessels, increasing the likelihood of heart attack or stroke. Smoking is also a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease because it damages blood vessels, raises blood pressure, and decreases oxygen delivery to the heart. When these two factors coexist, they significantly increase the overall cardiovascular risk profile of the patient. Consequently, individuals with such a history require careful monitoring and potentially more aggressive management strategies to mitigate their risk of developing serious cardiovascular complications. In contrast, while a family history of diabetes could suggest an increased risk, it is not a direct contributing factor like hypertension and smoking. Stable angina indicates some level of established heart disease, but it may not require as immediate or rigorous follow-up as a patient actively managing hypertension and smoking. A patient who is physically active typically demonstrates a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, suggesting that they may require less immediate attention in this context.